Marriage and Young Women free essay sample

There are many dead, rotten, harmful and old traditions and customs that still prevail in our society. They are a blot on the fair name of our culture and civilization. Dowry system is one of these curses. It has been customary to give cash and many valuable articles by the parents of a girl in her marriage, to the bridegroom. This evil practice; s spreading rapidly in spite of loud protests, legislations, public condemnation and bride-burnings. Even highly educated, civilized, modern and well-off families and people are not free from it. Many people have been found publicly denouncing but secretly indulging in the practice of the evil. This reflects how selfish, inhuman and greedy we can be. It is really amazing how low we can stoop to serve our mean and selfish ends. During the recent years there has been significant increase in the cases of bride-burning and dowry-deaths. Everyday many cases are  registered  with the police and other law-enforcing agencies all over the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage and Young Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are reports in periodicals and newspapers of harassment, threats and deaths of young married women, because of the reasons connected with dowry. The vice and menace has been on the increase very dangerously in spite of very vocal and theoretical protests. But the irony is that on practical level most of these people are willing parties in the vice. This exposes the bankruptcy of our ethics and double standards of thinking and practice. No doubt, the practice of dowry had social, religious and cultural sanction in ancient and medieval India. But in present circumstances and situations it is totally un ­desirable and condemnable. It is an evil which should be eradicated immediately. It is totally against our democratic, social and cultural ethos and values. It discriminates against women and tries to show that women are inferior to men. It is a direct and blatant attack on the equality of women guaranteed by our constitution. It is a cancer eating into our very moral and social fabric. Dowry system has also given rise to many other social evils and practices like corruption, bribe taking, exploitation, killing of infant girls, suicide among women besides bride-burning. The parents of unmarried young women feel obliged to collect money and wealth by immoral and corrupt means so as to be able to give sufficient dowry in the marriage. It has also forced many a girl into immoral activities  to earn money  for her dowry. It creates hatred, bitterness and contempt among relatives, especially between in-laws and wife and husband. It has also helped in the increase of black money and unaccounted earnings. Thus, the evils of dowry are many and very dangerous. These should be effectively checked and eradicated. In spite of many legislative measures and social reforms, the evil is still on increase. It is an offence to give or take dowry or help in such transactions, and yet it is widely practiced. It has turned marriages into a market of buying grooms and sacrificing girls and young women. What is needed is strict enforcement of the provisions of the Dowry Prohibition Act and proper public awareness. But our so-called leaders themselves follow double standards and indulge in the evil with impunity. They spend lavishly in marriages and give and take dowry openly. They consider it a symbol of their status and self-respect. Morals. I always percolate from the high to the low level. The common people are bound to follow their leaders. Unless the leaders follow what they say and preach, the masses cannot be expected to improve their morals. To check the menace of dowry, a wide and popular movement should be started. In the movement, all sections of the society on village, town and city levels should be involved. The political parties and their workers can may a significant role in it, if they are really sincere about it. Anti-dowry laws and their enforcement should be made more stringent. The leaders and personalities indulging in the crime should be exposed, and denied election tickets, party positions and such other social and political opportunities. The press and other mass media like TV, radio, films etc. , should come forward and create a public opinion and awareness against the practice of dowry. The women should organize themselves more united and purposefully against dowdy. They should revolt against its practice in any form. Young women should refuse to marry if dowry is demanded. They should oppose their parents if they agree to give dowry in their marriages. They should stand up on their feet economically and socially. Their dependence on man for protection, help and finance has been their great handicap. Women themselves are to blame to a large extent for their exploitation. The number of women’s organizations should be increased, so as to demonstrate and stage protests against people and families demanding or giving dowry. Compulsory  registration  of marriages can also help to improve the situation a lot. The women should never think that they belong to a weaker sex or are inferior’ in any way to men. They should wage their own war of* liberation, equality and empowerment. God helps those who help themselves. Unless they themselves come forward and fight the evil tooth and nail nothing significant can be achieved. Women are half the number and strength of India. They can achieve anything if they are determined and rise up as a united body. Anti-dowry laws already exist. They should see that they are strictly and sincerely implemented both in letter and spirit. This evil practice can only by controlled and finally eradicated if the youth of the nation is determined. The young men and women in  schools, colleges, universities, training institutions and professions should resolve to eliminate this curse once and for all. They should resolve not to demand or give dowry, come what may. Sometimes girls themselves demand dowry, while in most other cases boys and their parents insist on taking dowry in marriages. It really reduces the bridegroom and his parents to beggars, exploiters and followers of the Evil. If Relationship based on bargaining, exploitation and such demands as dowry can never be happy, peaceful, and respectful. The sooner all of us understand it, the better.

Prentice Hall Literature Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes Gold Level Unit 10 Odyssey, Part 1 Vocabulary Development Flashcard

Prentice Hall Literature Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes Gold Level Unit 10 Odyssey, Part 1 Vocabulary Development

Finite Verb Definition and Examples

Finite Verb Definition and Examples In English grammar, a finite verb is a form of a  verb  that (a) shows  agreement  with a  subject  and (b) is marked for  tense. Nonfinite verbs  are not marked for tense and do not show agreement with a subject. If there is just one verb in a sentence, that  verb is finite. (Put another way, a finite verb  can stand by itself in a sentence.)  Finite verbs are sometimes called main verbs or tensed verbs.  A  finite  clause  is a word group that contains a finite verb form as its central element. In An Introduction to Word Grammar, Richard Hudson writes: The reason  finite verbs  are so important is their unique ability to act as the sentence-root. They can be used as the only verb in the sentence, whereas all the others have to depend on some other word, so finite verbs really stand out. Finite vs. Nonfinite Verbs The main difference between finite verbs and nonfinite verbs is that the former can act as the root of an independent clause, or a full sentence, while the latter cannot. For example, take the following sentence: The man runs to the store to get a gallon of milk. Runs is a finite verb because it agrees with the subject (man) and because it marks the tense (present tense). Get is a nonfinite verb because it does not agree with the subject or mark the tense. Rather, it is an infinitive and depends on the main verb runs. By simplifying this sentence, we can see that runs has the ability to act as the root of an independent clause: The man runs to the store. Nonfinite verbs take three different forms- the infinitive, the participle, or the gerund. The infinitive form of a verb (such as to get in the example above) is also known as the base form, and is often introduced by a main verb and the word to, as in this sentence: He wanted to find a solution. The participle form appears when the perfect or progressive tense is used, as in this  sentence: He is looking for a solution. Finally, the gerund form appears when the verb is treated as an object or subject, as in this  sentence: Looking for solutions is something he enjoys. Examples of Finite Verbs In the following sentences (all lines from well-known movies), the finite verbs are indicated in bold. We rob banks. - Clyde Barrow in Bonnie and Clyde, 1967I ate his liver with some fava beans and a nice chianti.  - Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs, 1991A boys best friend is his mother. - Norman Bates in Psycho, 1960We want the finest wines available to humanity. And we want them here, and we want them now! - Withnail in Withnail and I, 1986You know how to whistle, dont you, Steve? You just put your lips together and...blow.  - Marie Slim Browning in To Have and Have Not, 1944Get busy living, or get busy dying. - Andy Dufresne in  The Shawshank Redemption, 1994 Identify Finite Verbs In Essentials of English, Ronald C. Foote, Cedric Gale, and Benjamin W. Griffith write that finite verbs can be recognized by their form and their position in the sentence. The authors describe five simple ways to identify finite verbs: Most finite verbs can take an -ed or a -d at the end of the word to indicate time in the past: cough, coughed; celebrate, celebrated. A hundred or so finite verbs do not have these endings.Nearly all finite verbs take an -s at the end of the word to indicate the present when the subject of the verb is third-person singular: cough, he coughs; celebrate, she celebrates. The exceptions are auxiliary verbs like can and must. Remember that nouns can also end in -s. Thus the dog races can refer to a spectator sport or to a fast-moving third-person singular dog.Finite verbs are often groups of words that include such auxiliary verbs as can, must, have, and be: can be suffering, must eat, will have gone.Finite verbs usually follow their subjects: He coughs. The documents had compromised him. They will have gone.Finite verbs surround their subjects when some form  of a question is asked: Is he coughing? Did they celebrate? Sources Hudson, Richard. An Introduction to Word Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 2010, Cambridge.Foote, Ronald C.; Gale, Cedric; and Griffith, Benjamin W. Essentials of English. Barrons, 2000, Hauppauge, N.Y.

Capitalism - cause of Global Economic Crisis Essay

Capitalism - cause of Global Economic Crisis - Essay Example Roubini has little doubts about the fact that capitalism is being doomed because the governments have failed to find out solutions to the problems caused by the system of market economy. The governments and policy makers took a number of different steps to bring the economy back on track but all policy measures taken to prevent the downfall of economic system failed one after the other. As the last resort the governments are trying to bring stability to the economy by cutting the expenditures however this will not be able to bring the economy back to track until new taxes are levied or the previous raised. Most of the countries that are following the principle of market economy have failed to restore the living standard of the public despite giving salary raises and subsidizing commodities because the effect of raised taxes is much higher as compared to the monetary assistances provided by the governments. Injecting more money into the failing economy in the form of bank bailouts is not an available option now for most of the countries because of the increasing political and public pressures because such measures are taken at the expense of public welfare expenditures which is totally unacceptable to the already suffering people, moreover another series of bank bailouts is also economically unfeasible. Currency depreciation is an option because a weaker currency and better trade balance can restore the economic growth but rendering the currencies weak is not an option for economically advanced countries therefore currency wars are currently in order. The Eurozone countries managed to help their cause a bit by the establishment of the European Financial Stabilization Facility but in the current circumstances the ESFS will not be able to pay bailouts for countries as big as Italy or Spain because of the limited assets whereas adding to the assets of ESFS is not possible because currently no country in Europe could sponsor such a move and this will receive resista nce from countries like Germany. In effect, the capitalist system of economy has stuck itself in a circle of self-destruction as suggested by Karl Marx where jobs are being cut because of the lack of demand in the market and this cutting of jobs is further adding to the lack of demand resulting in more job cuts and so on and this is the approach which has been adopted by the followers of the Keynesian system. The world currently is facing the problems which were predicted by the critics of capitalism hundreds of years ago such as poverty, unemployment, hopelessness, lack of basic facilities of life and the most important of all which can be considered as the root cause of these problems is the increasing inequality between people (Roubini, 2011). In the end Roubini suggests that there is a need of â€Å"investing in human capital, skills and social safety nets to increase productivity† and this can surely be the only possible solution to the present economic crisis. According to Roubini the present economic system based on market economy has essentially failed to provide effective solution the problems faced by man therefore a modified capitalist model is required to take over. Sen on the other hand gives prime stress to find out what exactly is the problem with the economic system of the present time and put forwards

NAFTA Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NAFTA Case Study - Essay Example Nevertheless, this was required if Magma was to survive in the new business climate. In particular with the reduction in tariffs in the Mexican auto sector, how should Magma respond? To being with there are problems and opportunities. How should Magma respond to the problems is a good first question. The problem for its managers is that although there are very low wage employees available there, the Mexican infrastructure and business climate is not easy to work with. Plus, the employees may not cost much, but you get what you pay for (in some respects)—many are not highly skilled. The question facing Magma’s managers is whether it should follow many of the other manufacturers to Mexico. In some ways, this is not such a big problem. The sort of problems Magma foresees in Mexico are not so different than problems facing its competitors and its customers. Everyone is going to have the same limitations. All companies are going to invest in Mexico, but very few are going to jump in with both feet first. Magma should take a cautious approach and should especially review the history of Volkswagen starting up its factory in Mexico. Magma can’t avoi d having zero presence in Mexico, but it should not immediately put all its eggs in one basket. Shifting a small part of its business to Mexico during a trial period would provide managers with more information on which to base a later decision. Going it slow in the beginning is important, but Mexico offers a lot of opportunities to Magma. If predictions hold up, a lot of car manufacturing is going to be done in Mexico in the next few years. While there are a lot of initial problems, none of them are all that structural. The fact that employees are not skilled is a temporary one as is the problem of low-grade steel. It will take time for the market to adjust, but it will adjust, and Mexico will become more competitive. The

Human Resource Management at China Telecom

Human Resource Management at China Telecom 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction to High-Performance Work System High performance work system is to achieve organization’s goals by fully using organization’s resources. It supports the right combination of technology, people and organization structure (Noe, 2014). Reasonable arranging human resource management practices is one of the mainly elements of creating the high performance work system. Three major practices include recruiting, selection and training and development. 1.2 Introduction of China telecom China Telecom Corporation Limited was established in 2002. The main business is focus on the service areas. At the end of 2003, it owns six affiliated companies that ware acquired by about RMB 46 million. Then it acquired 10 and 3 telecom companies, respectively, in 2004 and 2007. During this period, it provides voice service, data service and mobile service. In 2009, the company obtains a license about 3G mobile and provides this service in April of the same year. In 2013, the company obtains licenses to operate the 4G digital cellular mobile service. 2. Recruiting Account Executive 2.1 Three Parts of Recruiting In the first pact is called personnel policy provides the standards of implementing human resource management. Government provides now labor laws in 1995 and it impacts personnel policy about recruitment (Dickie). The main personnel policy in China telecom Company is internal and external recruiting. It helps the company to decide vacancy characteristics about account executive. Internal recruiting focuses on employees who work in the company. It chooses the qualify employees by analyzing and assessing the performance of junior employees. When the company never chooses reasonable candidates inside the company, external recruiting is a right policy. Enough potential employees outside the company are chosen. Then the company determines right recruitment sources before analyzing the applicant characteristics. Two main sources are job posting and electronic recruiting. According to job posting, the company put recruitment information about account executive on corporate intranets, such as the time of recruiting. It only focuses on the internal staffs in the company. Furthermore, the company recruits new employment by electronic recruiting, such as online recruitment. The company put the network advertisement on the website commonly used, such as Sohu.com, Sina.com.cn and other website. It focuses on people in the global level. At last, the company chooses three or four recruiters with professional knowledge and skills. They have more than 5-year work experience in relevant areas. When they recruit the candidates, they pay attention to the candidate’s skills and knowledge. At the same time, they give some information about account executive. Then they provide some positive information about account executive to attract the candidate to apply for the job. For example, as an account executive, the salary is about RMB 2000 per month. The company helps employees to pay parts of insurance and the company records the significant information and feedback timely (Noe, 2014). 2.2 The Impact of Recruiting Using internal recruiting increases the employees’ satisfaction and reduces employee turnover (Croteau, 2014). It is cheaper than recruiting outside the company. According to external recruiting, the company solves the problems about staff shortage. The company recruits the professional with plentiful experience. It increase work efficiency. On the other hand, job posting give qualified employees who work in the company opportunities to apply to become account executives. It spends less time and costs than then other sources. Using electronic recruitment attracts many candidates from any regional or countries. It expends the scope of recruitment and offers more choice about account executive (Nell, 2010). Furthermore, the traits and behaviors of recruiter impact the result of recruiting employees. Some recruiters pay attention to the theoretical basis, but other may pay attention to the practical ability, such as enough work experience. Reasonable recruiting increases the quality of employees. It improves work performance indirectly. 3. Selection – Account Executive 3.1 The Five Stages of Selection There are five steps in the process of selecting account executive in the follow (Noe, 2014). The company follows this process to pick up their qualified candidates. At the beginning of selection, the company needs to analyze application forms of candidates. With job application form, the candidates provide their full name, address, telephone. If the candidates work before in other company, they need to provide company’s name, the year of work, name of employer, position held and reason for leaving. Then educational background is necessary for candidates to writes. They only write the information about high school, college and above. Also, they must provide graduation certificates. If they have some award-winning experience in the study period, they can copy the certificates and put them after the application forms, such as IELTS certificates in two years, Interpretation certificates and other certificates. At last, it provides three or four references’ name, such as th eir superiors’ name and their colleague’s name (Noe, 2014). After analyzing job resumes, the company provides written tests and answering phone call. The written tests provide 100 questions about related laws, management and the company. For example, how to respond the customer complaint? How account executives increase the employees’ satisfaction? How to deal with the conflict between employees? The other tests called answering phone call. The company gives a situation and candidates need to give the reasonable measures. For example, if a customer said the company spends a long time to deal with problem and the customer was anger, how the account executive answer the customer by phone call. After the candidates finish the text, they wait for the company’s notice. Then structured interview is used to examine the candidates’ organizing ability and communicative competence. At first, the company provides a total why do you agree team work or not. Then the candidates divide into two groups A and B. A group agrees and B apposed to this view. The company gives them one hour to debate each other. During this period, everyone in two groups must engage in the debate. They must give some reasonable evidences to support their view. After the debate, the company gives the final score by score of team and person. The score of team is focus on the task assignment and achievement. It reflects the organizing ability. Then the company gives the score of everyone based on the condition of debate. For example, the candidate provides enough reasonable evidences or not. The expression is clarity and smoothly or not. These two points are the mainly individual scoring criteria. After determining the qualified candidates, the company must to check background information about candidates. This process spends about two or four weeks to know information about candidates from person references provided. If the person points out the candidates has some negative behavior, such as using violence in the workplace (Noe, 2014). The candidate is never recruited. At the same time, the company makes sure the truth of the information on the applicant forms by checking. If the information on the applicant forms is truth and the candidates have never bad action like criminal behavior, the candidates are qualified. At last, the company determines the final qualified candidates who will work in the company. During the process of selection, it is based on multiple-hurdle model. The company deletes the unqualified candidates in each step. For example, the company chooses the candidates with high scores on the process of interview and test (Noe, 2014). 3.2 The Impact of Reasonable Selection In order to increase competitive advantage and work performance, the company must select the high quality employees. The process of reasonable selection helps the company to select the employees who are best for accounts executives. These employees the company selected have enough skills to complete tasks. It increases the efficiency and quality of completing tasks. It provides contribution to create the high-performance system indirectly. 4. Training and Development – Account Executive 4.1 The Process of Training Learning management system (LMS) helps the company to improve the efficiency of training process. The company use LMS to identify need, make plans and analyze the training outcomes (Noe, 2014). At first, the company needs to conduct needs assessment. The company belongs to the service industries. It wants to provides high quality service and expand its market. The company needs to know which employees with lack of knowledge and poor work experience. Then the company arranges training class for them. The tasks of training help employees to learn how to record the information through computer and know how to deal with the relationship between customers and the company. Before training, the company needs to do some preparation work. At first, the company makes sure employees have basic cognitive ability, such as reading and writing skills, speaking with English clearly, using basic computer technology and the ability to deal with problem in the job. Also, it is necessary for the company to provide a positive work environment. The company prepares enough training material and gives employees one or three months to practice and training. At the some time, the company gives employees praise and encourage in order to high efficiency and quality of training (Noe, 2014). Then the company needs to plan the reasonable program of training. The company arranges the training class from employees who want to training. It shows employees with high performance are chosen at first. Training is to increase employees’ work skills. Complete this objective, the company two training method, such as computer-based training and on-the-job training. During the computer-based training, the company gives trainees one month. It takes less time and money to learn online. It is convenience of trainees who lives far from the company. On-the-job training shows the company gives trainees one month to practice with a mentor. If trainees have some problems, they can ask the mentor for help. Training program implements based on the mainly five principles of learning. The first point is that skills employees learned in training are work-related. These skills can help them finish the work better. It helps trainees to know how to implement o their job and gather experience in the working. Then the company gives trainees some opportunities to understand what they learned clearly by the internship. Also, it is easy for trainees to remember and understand the content by implementing high quality training planning. At last, the materials the company provided must be clear and easy to reading The last step is to evaluate the result of training. The company provides the training relate to their current job, they need to analyze the skills that are used in job or not. If these skills trainees learned increase the quality and efficiency of completing their job, it shows the training has a great success. If not, company need to analyze the shortcoming of training and adjust. 4.2 The Process of Development The company usually uses career management system to plan the development programs for staff. According the analysis of the weaknesses and strengths, the company needs to evaluate whether the employee has an opportunity to become an account manager. Next, the company use performance appraisals to analyze the success factors of high performance. If the company provides the opportunities of promotion, the company plans a long-term program about employee development. Also, the company points out employees are becoming an account manager within the next four years. The employees need to use communicate competence to deal with the conflict between company and customers. They must maintain the company’s image. At last, the employees plan for an account manager. They increase the management capacity, organizational capabilities and the ability to deal with the problem. They determine to reach the goals in two or three years. 4.3 The Impact of Training and Development Training and Development encourage employees to complete the work better and faster by increasing job satisfaction (Dennis). The employee turnover reduces. The company helps employees to arrange and manage their time. Next, employees learn much knowledge and skills about the job clearly. Training and development help them to know detail information about the job. Furthermore it helps employees to add value in the company. 5. Conclusion Recruiting in the company attracts many patient talents. It expends the selection of talents who are suitable for account executive. According to selection, the company knows detail information about employees such as behavior, skills and ability. Then the company arranges the employees by training and development. These three practices maintain the normal operating of the company in the next five years.

Three Disciplines

The Three Disciplines all appeal to me in some ways, but if I had to choose between anthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. Psychology has more quantitative information, more interesting career opportunities and more systemized in comparison to anthropology and sociology.My character is very self-assured and I am not convinced easily, so with all my stubbornness, I cannot be persuaded by theory, I need proof. In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental laboratory in psychology at the University of Leipzig, Germany (WGBH Educational Foundation, 2001). Obviously one would know that the beginning of psychology did not start exactly when the laboratory in Germany was opened, but the first sign of actual documentation and recording of results in a scientific environment was created.Laboratories were places where psychologists like Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Ivan Pavlov, B. F. Skinner and more would be taken seriously when they would introduce their ideas of psychoanalytic theory, the conscious and unconscious mind, analytical psychology, collective conscious, unconditioned and conditioned response and stimulus, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning (Collinshaw & Kritzer & Warecki, 2011, p. 59, 61, 64, 65). In the 1870s, zoos became unattended â€Å"laboratories†, especially with the so-called â€Å"ethnological exhibitions† or â€Å"Negro villages†. † (Wikipedia, 2011). The earliest anthropological laboratories were the use of zoos, which is very hard to take seriously, even though it makes sense. Anthropology is the scientific study of the origin, the behaviour , and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans, so studying animals first would be an adequate place to start, since animals are much less complex. Sociology is a relatively new academic discipline. It emerged in the early 19th century in response to the challenges of modernity. † (edu. learnsoc. org, 2011). Sociology itself is behind in comparison to psychology and anthropology so it is expected that it would not have as many legitimate records or working environments as psychology. In the future, I wish to pursue a career involving mainly business courses, just because that is what I like. I enjoy economics, which is basically applying the thought of people to numbers and prices, to get an outcome.I researched the economics program and psychology program at the University of Toronto, and they in fact have no relation together, but within my undergraduate years I am able to take psychology courses along with economics courses. In my perception, I feel like I c an use certain psychology courses to understand the mind better and take advantage of that from a business point of view, and generate profit. Courses like Cross-cultural psychology, and Special Topics in Human Communication can help me delve into the human mind.Cross-culture psychology is the examination of culture-blind and culture-bound aspects of traditional psychology that includes issues of diversity, cultural influences on basic psychological processes, and the impact of culture on social and developmental processes (University of Toronto, 2012). By studying cultural influences, I could maybe create a product that is appealing to today’s Canadian culture. Special Topics in Human Communication is the examination of selected topics in psychological approaches to human communication (University of Toronto, 2012).Communicating better or more efficiently could increase sales of some sort where I would have to encourage and convince people to purchase something. There defini tely are courses in anthropology that can be tied into an economics program that would actually help me in my future career, like Social Theory Through Everyday Life, which explains theories of culture and society, with examples from ordinary life and fantasy and their popular expressions (University Of Toronto, 2012), but the issue is that I have no interest in the study of society as a whole, I would rather study an individual.Sociology courses once again pertain to groups of people rather than the individuals in them, with courses like Women and Work, and Race Class Gender, which are pretty self explanatory (University of Toronto, 2012). As a person of specificity and depth, I wish to study individuals rather than crowds. As I already mentioned, I am a person of depth, and psychology is deep because it is broken up into so many sub-fields or â€Å"Schools of Thought† as our course book labels them. Anthropology only has four sub-fields, and sociology is broken up into seve ral issues to study rather than sub-fields.Psychology consists of biological, clinical, cognitive, comparative, developmental, education and school, evolutionary, industrial, personality, social, and positive (Wikipedia, 2012). In our course so far we have not even covered half of those sub-fields. Anthropology consists of cultural anthropology, archeology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology (Wikipedia, 2012). Our course has covered three out of those four sub-fields already. Traditional focuses of sociology have included social stratification, social class, culture, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, and deviance.Our course has covered some of those issues. Psychology leads with the most sub-fields that probably needed a lot of work to organize and separate, which is why psychology appeals to me the most. In conclusion, psychology is a much more interesting and diverse discipline since it deals with the individual mind rather than society itself. In my future career psychology courses could be very affective if I deal with people face to face. This essay has proven to me and to the reader what opportunities psychology has for me in the future. References * edu. learnsoc. org. History of Sociology. Retrieved from http://edu. earnsoc. org/Chapters/1%20introduction/3%20history%20of%20sociology. htm * University of Toronto. Arts & Science 2011-2012 Fall/Winter Session Timetable for: Sociology [SOC courses]. Looking for the official U of T Faculty of Arts and Science home page?. Retrieved from http://www. artsandscience. utoronto. ca/ofr/timetable/winter/soc. html * University of Toronto. Course Descriptions — Anthropology. (n. d. ). Welcome to the Department of Anthropology — Anthropology. Retrieved from http://anthropology. utoronto. ca/undergraduate/courses * WGBH Educational Foundation. The History of Psychology.Retrieved from http://www. learner. org/discoveringpsychology/history/history_nonflash. html * Wikipedia. A nthropology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Anthropology * Wikipedia. History of anthropology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_anthropology * Wikipedia. Psychology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Psychology * Wikipedia. Sociology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sociology * * * * * *

Pleasure †Morality Essay

Mill is an heir of an intellectual movement in England known as Utilitarianism; utilitarianism is concerned with the acquisition of pleasure and elimination of pain. John Stuart Mill follows the guidelines of utilitarianism in order to decide if certain actions are moral. Utilitarianism states that a person should perform the action that produces the most pleasurable outcome for every person involved. In order to accurately judge if one pleasure is greater than another, the person must be unprejudiced and have experienced both; such judges will prefer the higher pleasures over the lower ones. However, Mill recognizes that people aren’t always driven to follow moral social standards, because the reasons behind their actions can be not only external but internal as well. What Mill means is that expectations of us from our peers and from a higher being, such as God, do not obligate us to follow these rules set out by society; it is our own feeling within that holds us accountable to these standards. Lastly, Mill believes that in order to be a moral creature, we must obey the three conditions of utility: 1) Goodness is understood as production of happiness, elimination of pain, 2) for all of those concerned with the action, and 3) each counts for one and â€Å"no more than one. † Utilitarian’s believe that a person’s actions are right if they produce happiness; â€Å"the greatest happiness of greatest number,†(Denise, Peterfreund, and White, p. 158). Michael, Peter and Samir are employees at Initech and are planning scamming the company by installing a computer virus that skims money out of the company’s bank account. Mill would look at this action by looking at the conditions of utilitarianism. Although they meet the first criteria of producing happiness through the elimination of pain by acquiring large amounts of money, they do not meet part two or three. In regards to part two, it does produce happiness for the ones directly performing the scam but it indirectly affects the other members working for Initech as well as stakeholders and therefore causes pain for those indirectly affected. Lastly, the third condition to count for one and only one is not met because a lot of people are involved. Mill also considers that in order for an action to be moral, it must come from within. Peter, being the leader of this scam, has no internal morals or considerations for those around him. Michael and Samir are only involved in this scam because they are the brains in this operation and it wouldn’t be possible to perform this action otherwise. Mill believes that although people are motivated by their own desires and they shouldn’t act on them. However, Peter, Michael, and Samir do just that. Mill thinks that when people are excessively fortunate that they are incapable of enjoying it because it only benefits themselves. This goes to show that their scam is immoral because it only directly increases their happiness due to their own self-interests. Also, Mill argues that a person with high capacities will need more to make him happy and therefore is capable of experiencing larger quantities of pain; however, they still shouldn’t allow this to lower their expectations and faculties. Although Peter has experienced a prolonged period of pain while working at Initech through tedious tasks and constant pressure from his eight bosses, this should not be a good enough reason for him to affect others’ faculties and reduce their worth as human beings. Mill says,† it is greater to be a man dissatisfied than a pig satisfied,† (p. 162). In other words, Peter is not capable of experiencing the highest form of pleasure, and therefore chooses to increase the lower pleasures, lowering his existence in the world. Many people who start off wanting everything which is moral sometimes turn to selfish measures. The reason why so many people end up becoming selfish is due to being in occupations that lower their aspirations of something greater; which may be a reason why Michael, Peter, and Samir choose to go through with this scam. They are not unprejudiced judges because they do not know what higher pleasures consist of; due to lack of opportunity. Considering all of these utilitarian schemes, Mill would argue that although on the surface Michael, Samir, and Peter seem to be acting immorally, they could possibly be unable to accurately judge both the higher and lower pleasures because they were not capable of enjoying the higher pleasures.

Fordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible System of Production

------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Other Free Encyclopedias  » Science Encyclopedia  » Science amp; Philosophy: Condensation to Cosh  » Consumerism - Consumerism And Mass Production, Consumerism And Post-fordism, Soap, The Politics Of Consumerism Consumerism - Consumerism And Post-fordism soap particular class world fordist consumption market mass Ads by Google Mr Power Giant Controller Saves 50% of your GEYSER costs! Pays for itself within months. www.mrpower.co.za Online Commodity Trading Technical Reports for Gold, Oil and More. Join Easy-Forex ® Now! www.Easy-Forex.com Estimation amp; Planning Agile Estimation and Planning 2-day in-depth course www.agileacademy.co.za†¦show more content†¦An important corollary of these developments is that as style becomes central in product differentiation, it is necessary for styles to change rapidly. What has been described as the essentially postmodern practice of pastiche is an outgrowth of these marketing and economic changes, in which capital recycles old styles in a desperate attempt to create products that seem new and improved. As the commodity becomes even more divorced from use-or exchange-value, it becomes a sign, able to be given a variety of possible and mutable meanings depending on the particular market segment. Price fluctuates not according to actual production costs but according to how much a particular consumer will pay. Cultural intermediaries, or those members of the professional-managerial class that work in cultural industries such as advertising or public relations, serve as cultural guides for the middle class, helping these consumers navigate the array of potential commodities available for consumption and offering their lifestyles as models of how to live successfully in this new world of constant consumption. Ads by Google Consumerism - Soap [next] [back] Consumerism - Consumerism And Mass Production Citing this material Please include a link to this page if you have found this material useful for research or writing a related article. Content on this website is from high-quality, licensed material originally published in print form. You canShow MoreRelatedFordism1526 Words   |  7 PagesFordism, it refers to the mass production of standardized goods using assembly line technology, involving few skills and repetitive work by employees. ‘Each company was composed of many different specialized departments, each producing components and parts that were eventually channeled towards the moving line for final assembly.’(Cohen amp; Kennedy 2007: 95 ) For instance, in 1900, there were 18 million horses, but only 8,000 cars in America. For local people, car just was a bulky and expensiveRead MoreDifferences of Fordism and Post-Fordism1494 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss Differences Between Fordism and Post-Fordism Work In 1913, Henry Ford had an assembly line built in his Detroit plant where T-Ford cars were manufactured. This marked the beginning of a new era in production called Fordism. It was a pattern of industrial organisation and employment policy that occurred in the early twentieth century. Its high point was the period after the Second World War. This essay will be describing the main principles of Fordism, post-Fordism, their advantages and limitationsRead MoreThe Industrial Pioneer And Motor Industry Icon1353 Words   |  6 PagesFordism is a concept that is named after Henry Ford, a well-known industrial pioneer and motor industry icon. Fordism is based around the idea of industrialized and standardised form of mass production. It is related to the idea of mass consumption and is based on the idea that if it is made in a larger quantity then the price to produce these products can be reduced. This could then possibly provide an opportunity to gain a larger market. Understanding Fordism and the scientific management conceptRead MoreJapan s Demand For British Based Capital1568 Words   |  7 PagesIn the post-Fordist economy, there are few alternative strategies which would mean to rebuild industry in the concern for British-based capital. The first strategy is ‘The Japanisation Strategy’. â€Å"Japan has been the home base for the new production, together with West Germany, Northern Italy and parts of the Scandinavian economy.† (Murray, 1989) The exclusive achievement of Japanese production industry, regularly at the expenditure of Western manufacturers, has incited this increased interest. 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Modes of production, the ordering of daily activities, and the material practices and processes of social reproduction have undergone numerous changes since capitalism’s inception. Mapping a history of capitalism’s different stages and forms – both social and institutional – would be an arduous task, complicated by the factRead MoreHas Pos-Fordism Replaced Fordism in Capitalist Society1947 Words   |  8 Pagesof massive production. It is also the debut for Taylorism in the massive production area. After that such method of massive standard production was named as Foedism. Based on the ‘scientific management’ theory that comes from Taylorism, the manufacturing area began to be dominated by Fordism. However, since the 1960s when a series of new technologies appeared, manufacturing did not have to be formed in a fixed method. A more flexible production method, which was named as Post-Fordism turned up. From

What Happened How Did Your Dialysis Go - 859 Words

As I was locking the apartment and leaving for school, my phone rang, Can you come to the front door? I am not feeling okay, said my dad. I rushed to the front, helped him get out of the car, and carried his stuff. What happened? How did your dialysis go? Why are you not feeling okay? He was lacking so much energy that he couldn t answer any of my questions and kept walking slowly while holding on to me. Let me take a break, said my dad as he leaned towards the wall. As he closed his eyes he fainted and collapsed. I didn t let him fall but slide down by the wall and reached for my phone and dialed 911. I sprinkled water on his face from his water bottle I was carrying as I stayed on the phone with the operator. Within few minutes they reached, got my dad up on the stretcher and took his vitals. I explained them as to what happened while getting on the ambulance with my dad. He was rushed to the nearest emergency. I stayed with him the entire time and informed my family as soon as po ssible. The medical team got him stabilized soon and explained that there was extra fluid taken out during dialysis than normal which caused him to lose all the energy and faint. Bringing my father to the hospital and calling for help on time shows my compassion towards my father s sufferings and an ability to stay emotionally stable at such a stressful time. My father s decline in health has motivated me to get into healthcare because I have always felt very limited in terms of helpingShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of A Kidney Transplant1290 Words   |  6 Pages People go through many tough things in their life, and they do not know how to get through them. I am one of those people, I have been through many medical situations. Some of the medical situations have been tough. Something’s have been worse than others, and no child should have to go through what I had to at the age of seven. 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Our little family would explore North Carolina and take short tripsRead MoreCompensating Kidney Donors2554 Words   |  11 Pagesof Dr. Jacobs’s proposal, Congress banned the sale of organs in 1984, and that law still exists today (Meckler A.1). Another change in organ donation happened in 1968, when the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act was introduced. This tried to increase the donor pool and make donating a person’s organs at his or her time of death easier. The act, however, did not raise the donation pool enough to keep up with the organ transplant waiting list (Fentiman 43). The waiting list is the topic of another controversy

Middle Ages vs. the Renaissance Essay - 736 Words

There are many contrasts in the beliefs and values of the Renaissance and the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages was a time of great suffering, including famine and widespread disease. The Renaissance, however, was a revival of art, learning, and literature. Their views of the purpose of life in the present world and mans place in the world was, perhaps, the greatest contrast. However, their views on politics, religion, and education were very different as well. The purpose of life and mans place in the world was viewed differently during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. During the Middle Ages, also known as The Age of Faith, mans purpose was to serve God. Life was looked upon as a journey. The focus of life was on the afterlife†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, Republicanism was considered to be the best form of government during the Renaissance because the individual could realize his fullest potential by serving the state. According to Leonardo Bruni, the rule of one person was harmful to the common good. Thus, the republican government was considered to be stronger than the monarchy. Religion was also viewed differently. The Catholic Church was the one universal church during the Middle Ages. People believed that only church officials could interpret the scriptures. People also believed in the absolute authority of the church. During the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation led to the development of many churches. People believed that each individual could interpret the Bible for himself. The church no longer had absolute authority as it did during the Middle Ages. Education was approached differently as well. During the Middle Ages, the focus of education was on studying the Bible and debating spiritual questions. Since the common people were not allowed to read the Bible, they were told what to think. The purpose of education in the Middle Ages was to pass the Moral Test and be rewarded with eternal joy in the afterlife. However, during the Renaissance, the focus of education was on learning from past history and experience and observations of the present world. There was a scientific and rationalistic attitude toward viewingShow MoreRelated Middle Ages vs Renaissance2279 Words   |  10 Pages Life during the middle ages (1066-1485) was dictated by how much money you had. Were you a noble? Or were you a peasant. Your quality of life was in direct proportion to your status. Lords of the Noble class ruled territories, also known as villages. These villages mainly consisted of one room houses, with maybe a church and a blacksmith shop. Peas ants or serfs lived in these villages and worked under said Lord. Daily life was all about survival. 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The allied forces lost and the french and scottish armies retreated and Scotland stopped aiding the French in the HundredRead MoreThe Crusades During The Middle Ages1152 Words   |  5 Pages The Renaissance was a period of rebirth in art and culture after the Middle Ages. The Crusades helped Medieval Europe to flourish and grow out of the Dark Ages. The Crusades affected daily life and caused major effects in political, economical and cultural Medieval Europe. The first Crusade was gaining control o ver the Holy Land, but the later Crusades were fights over regaining land. The Byzantine Empire fell during the fourth Crusade after an attack on their capital, Constantinople, took placeRead MoreThe Origins Of Humanity And Major Periods : Middle Ages, Renaissance, And Enlightenment1454 Words   |  6 Pages Exam One: Origin of Humanity Alexis Jayne Milligan Bethune-Cookman University SS 245 WO Interdisciplinary Social Science Dr. Dorcas E. McCoy April 10, 2016 This paper will discuss the origins of humanity and three major periods: Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Enlightenment. The relevance of evolution, natural selection via Charles Darwin, intelligent design, and scientific creationism. Then the human thought and social thought on these epochs will be further debated. Biblical reference hasRead MoreRenaissance Ideals of Humanism Are Expressed in the Italian Art of the Period970 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss how Renaissance ideals of humanism are expressed in the Italian art of the period, referring to specific works and artists. During the fourteenth century Italy witnessed notable changes, which throughout the next couple of centuries extended towards northern Europe. This was later described as the Renaissance, the cultural achievements through sixteenth centuries; those achievements rest on the economic and political developments of earlier centuries. 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Business Consulting Services and Utilized

Question: Discuss about the Business Consulting Services and Utilized. Answer: Introduction The professional consultants offer business consulting services that are utilized by the management board of organizations in addressing business-related problems. These services are based on the knowledge transfer and therefore, they are intangible in nature, with clients viewing a high level of risk involved in the identification of consulting service providers. Management consulting service helps the business organization to track the progress of the project and make necessary adjustments to ensure that set objectives of the project are achieved within the required time. Consulting services also enable the project managers to determine human, financial and physical resources required in the implementation of the project. Thereby, this paper seeks to focus on the factors that influence the establishment of a strong client-consultant relationship. Leadership competencies Leadership competencies are key determinants of the success of the consultant projects, which leads to a strong relationship between the client and consultant. Therefore, Consultants must display leadership skills such as problem solving, stakeholder management and planning. Problem-solving skills help the consulting service managers to address the challenges that may inhibit the success of the project. Logistical and technical challenges may delay the implementation process of the project. Also, risks such as natural disasters may have adverse effects on the success of the project (Belkhodja, Karuranga Morin 2012). The consultants must possess problem-solving skills to address such project-related problems. Effective communication helps the project consultant to convey crucial information to the various stakeholders in the business organization. The consultant should act as a team player in the project management by involving all stakeholders in the implementation of the project. T he employees of the organization, shareholders, business managers and community members are integral parts of the business project. Consultants should consider the views of all the stakeholders while providing professional services to the clients. The project managers are required to demonstrate planning skills while executing their roles. Planning refers to the process of determining what should be done in future. It helps the managers to evaluate the financial costs and resources required to achieve the goals of the project (Lalonde Adler 2015). Quality services Provision of quality services is a key factor in establishing a strong relationship between the client and the consultant. According to Chelliah and Davis (2011), high-quality services promote the profitability of the project, increases clients loyalty and satisfaction, as well as creating a lasting relationship between the clients and consultants. Quality service is perceived as the main factor of the competitive ability of the consultants because it strengthens the image of the consultants to the clients. Time Management Time management is also important in establishing a long-term relationship between the clients and the consulting firm. Time is a crucial factor in the production process, and the success of the project depends on the strict adherence to set deadlines. The consultant should estimate the time required for the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of the project. The firms that provide consulting services should enhance efficiency in the implementation of the project through optimal utilization of the available time (Coelho, Cunha Souza 2015). Conclusion The success of the project depends on the quality of the services offered by the consultants. The Provision of quality services leads to the establishment of a long-term relationship between the consulting firm and the clients. Application of leadership competencies such as communication, strategy formulation, planning, problem-solving and stakeholder management improves the quality of services offered by consultants to the clients. References: Belkhodja, O., Karuranga, . and Morin, G. (2012). Reflections on the client-consultant relationship. Journal of General Management, 37(3). Chelliah, J. and Davis, D. (2011). What clients really want from management consultants: evidence from Australia. Journal of International Management Studies, 6(1), p.1. Coelho, T.R., Cunha, M.A. and de Souza Meirelles, F. (2015), May. The client-consultant relationship in the implementation of ERP in government: exploring the dynamic between power and knowledge. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 140-149). ACM. Lalonde, C. and Adler, C. (2015). Information asymmetry in process consultation: An empirical research on leader-client/consultant relationship in healthcare organizations. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 36(2), pp.177-211.

The Fall Of The House Of Usher Setting Essay Example For Students

The Fall Of The House Of Usher: Setting Essay TheFall of the House of Usher: SettingIn the short story, The Fall of the Houseof Usher, by Edgar Allen Poe, setting is used extensively to do many things. The author uses it to convey ideas, effects, and images. It establishesa mood and foreshadows future events. Poe communicates truths about thecharacter through setting. Symbols are also used throughout to help understandthe theme through the setting. Poe uses the setting to create an atmospherein the readers mind. He chose every word in every sentence carefully tocreate a gloomy mood. For example, Ushers house, its windows, bricks,and dungeon are all used to make a dismal atmosphere. The white trunksof decayed trees, the black and lurid tarn, and the vacant, eyelikewindows contribute to the collective atmosphere of dispair and anguish. We will write a custom essay on The Fall Of The House Of Usher: Setting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is done with the words black, lurid, decayed, and vacant. The narratorsays that the Usher mansion had an atmosphere which had no affinity withthe air of heaven. It was no where near being beautiful, holy, or clean. He uses descriptive words such as decayed, strange, peculiar, gray, mystic,Gothic, pestilent, dull and sluggish to create the atmosphere. Poes meticulouschoice of words creates a very effective atmosphere in the story. Another important way Poe uses the settingis to foreshadow events in the story. Roderick Ushers mansion is on exampleof this. There is a barely perceptible fissure in the masonry. It isa small crack in The House of Usher which the narrator defines as boththe family and the family mansion. This foreshadows an event that willruin the house and the family. The fissure divides the house. Roderickand Madeline die, destroying the family. The narrator says there is a wildinconsistency between still perfect adaptation..and thecrumbling condition of the individual stones. This is also symbolic. Thestones represent the individual people of the Usher family, and the entiremansion stands for the whole family. The wild inconsistency makes thereader aware that something later in the story will make the inconsistencyclear or consistent. From far away, no one knows that the House of Usheris in despair. The fabric gave little token of instability or the mansionitself did not tell of the turmoil it c oncealed. The story takes placein autumn, a season associated with death. When the storys tension isabout to reach its crescendo, a storm comes up, a rising tempest. Thisis a symbol for the tempest brewing in Roderick Ushers mind. Poes useof foreshadowing is just enough to clue the reader into what will happen,but not enough to give it away. Character traits are displayed throughhow the setting affects, influences, and reveals the characters. The narratoris affected by the gloomy atmosphere of the Usher mansion. He is suckedin to Ushers dream world, the world he created after living alone inhis dismal house for years. Ushers house itself is a symbol for Usher. It is isolated like Usher. There are many intricate passages, like themany facets of his mind. One of the rooms had windows which feeble gleamsof encrimsoned lightserved to render sufficiently distinct the moreprominent objects around. The windows stand for Ushers eyes, the lightis reality. He lives in his own world he created. Reality enters his brainonly in feeble gleams of light. The eyestruggles in vain to reachthe remoter angles of the chamber.. The reality does not reach all ofhis brain. These quotes show that Usher is only half in the real world,half in his own world. The books Usher read, his art, and music all revealhis personality. He played long improvised dirges on the guitar. Thenarrator describes his painting as phantasmagoric. The books he readsare about death, magic, mysticism, the occult, and torture. His favoriteis a book of vigils for the dead. All these things show that Usher is unstableand obsessed with death. .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .postImageUrl , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:hover , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:visited , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:active { border:0!important; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:active , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: By divers meanes men come unto a like end EssayThrough the setting, Edgar Allan Poe isable to foreshadow events, establish an atmosphere, and reveal charactertraits. Although the reader may not notice all the numerous devices used,they contribute to giving the story depth. Noticed or not, Poe utilizesthe setting to its full capacity to create the mood, characters and foreshadowing.

Iago Essays - Othello, English-language Films, Operas, Iago

Iago Essays - Othello, English-language Films, Operas, Iago Iago When Shakespeare attempted to create the ultimate villain (and I must say he was stunningly successful), Iago was the result. This cunningly evil character always keeps the audience guessing at his true personality until he has the opportunity to plan in solitude or so gracefully manipulate an inferior intellect that he can let his true colors shine while preserving his "image". Such is the case in act I, scene III, when he recites to Roderigo a beautifully worded speech revealing his true feelings about life, love, and Othello. This near-soliloquy shows us some of the thinking behind Iago's Machiavellian actions. 320Virtue! a fig! 'Tis in ourselves are we thus or thus. Our bodies are gardens, to which our wills are gardeners; so that if we plant nettles or sow lettuce, set hyssop and weed up thyme, supply it with one gender of herbs or distract it with 325many, either to have it sterile with idleness or manured with industry, why, the power and corrigible authority of this lies in our wills. If the balance of our lives had not one scale of reason to poise another of sensuality, the blood and baseness of our natures would conduct us to the most 330preposterous conclusions. But we have reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings, our umbitted lusts, wherof I take this that you call love to be a sect or scion?It is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will. Come, be a man. Drown thyself? Drown cats and blind 335puppies. I profess me thy friend, and I confess me knit to thy deserving with cables of perdurable toughness. I could never better stead thee than now. Put money in thy purse. Follow these wars; defeat thy favour with an usurped beard I say, put money in thy purse. It cannot be that Desdemona 340should long continue her love unto the Moor,-Put money in thy purse,-nor he his to her. It was a violent commencement, and thou shalt see an answerable sequestration. Put but money in thy purse. These Moors are changeable in their wills. Fill thy purse with money. The 345food that to him now is as luscious as locusts, shall be to him shortly acerb as the coloquintida. (She must change for youth.)? The main point behind the first section of the "soliloquy" in line 320 is that humans make their destinies and rules (Virtue! a fig! 'Tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus ln. 320). Our friendly villain uses a metaphor relating a garden to our lives, and gardeners to our independent wills (Our bodies are gardens, to which our wills are gardeners ln 321). This view on life has many hidden insights into the character of Iago. First among these is that Iago believes that god is a fa?ade created by people with no heart. The quotes that back this up are: 'Tis in ourselves ln 320, corrigible authority of this lies in our wills ln 327 If the balance of our lives ln 328, and love to be a sect or scion. ln. 333. We can tell by the connotations of the words Iago uses that he does not consider god to be a motivating force in the lives of humans. Take, for instance, the use of the words sect and balance; these words normally refer to religion, and god as a major force in the balance of a person's life, but Iago uses them to refer to our own decisions, playing down god's importance. Secondly, he believes that people who do not get ahead in life and live to get everything possible are suckers. This conclusion is backed up by two major statements: sterile with idleness ln 323 and one gender of herbs ln 322. The images these words call up in our minds are desolate and pitiful gardeners either being just plain lazy, or trying to just scoot by. These quotes also show what a highly motivated person Iago is. When Iago concludes his tirade about our bodies being gardens, we get an extreme look into his demented psyche (May I say it is not a pretty sight). Iago's view about love are not much better than his opinions about other

The Facts About the Chinese Moon Festival

The Facts About the Chinese Moon Festival If youre planning to attend a Chinese Moon Festival or simply want to know more about a festival youve previously attended, this review will better acquaint you with the origins of the festival, the traditional foods associated with it and the different ways its celebrated. This festival is one of many observed in  China, which is home to a number of  traditional celebrations.   Also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Chinese Moon Festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. Its one of the most important traditional events for the Chinese.   The Legend Behind the Fest The Moon Festival is rooted in many different myths. Legend traces the story to a hero named Hou Yi, who lived during a time when there were 10 suns in the sky. This caused people to die, so Hou Yi shot down nine of the suns and was given an elixir by the Queen of Heaven to make him immortal.  But Hou Yi didnt drink the elixir because he wanted to remain with his wife, Change (pronounced Chung-err). So, he told her  to watch over the potion. One day a student of Hou Yi tried to steal the elixir from her, and Change drank it to foil his plans. Afterward, ​she flew to the moon, and people have prayed to her for fortune ever since. Shes presented with a variety of food offerings during the Moon Fest, and festival-goers swear that they can spot Change dancing on the  moon during the festival.   What Happens During the Celebration The Moon Festival is also an occasion for family reunions. When the full moon rises, families get together to watch the full moon, eat moon cakes  and sing moon poems. Together, the full moon, the legend, the family gatherings and the poems recited during the event make the festival a great cultural observance. That is why the Chinese are so fond of the Moon Festival. Although the Moon Festival is a place where families congregate, it is also considered a romantic occasion. The festival legend, after all, is about a couple, Hou Yi and Change, who are madly in love and devoted to one another. Traditionally, lovers spent romantic nights at the event tasting delicious moon cake and drinking wine while watching the full moon. The moon cake, however, isnt just for couples. It is the ​traditional  food consumed during the Moon Festival. The Chinese eat the moon cake at night with the full moon in the sky.   When circumstances prevent couples from getting together during the event, they pass the night by watching the moon at the same time so it seems as if  they are together for the night. A great number of poems has been devoted to this romantic festival.   As the Chinese have spread out across the globe, one neednt be in China to partake in the Moon Festival. Celebrations are held in countries that are home to large Chinese populations.

Cloud Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Cloud Computing - Essay Example Given the close linkages between financial services firms and cutting edge technology, it makes for eminent business sense to remain on top of the â€Å"convergence† that is happening between IT and financial services. Cloud computing is altering the way business is done and the way business services are provided by bringing about a paradigm shift in the way excess computing power and storage space can be used. Cloud Computing works by aggregating the computing power of individual computers and then centralizing the same so as to derive maximum advantage for the users. Since UVW does not have to invest in additional capacity whenever it takes on more users, we stand to gain from the double benefit of efficiencies from economies of scale and cost savings because of outsourcing our requirements to providers of cloud computing services. For UVW to remain competitive in the financial services market, we need to embrace next generation IT services like what other global financial conglomerates like Goldman Sachs are doing by renting out cloud providers to host their data and provide them computing power. The use of offshore datacenters by these financial services firms has helped them to cut their IT costs significantly. In the context of the financial services firms undergoing an era of rapid change in the way they do business, it is necessary for UVW to embrace innovation and be at the forefront of emerging technologies. By embracing cloud computing in its business, UVW can thus remain competitive as well as ride the wave of change that is sweeping the financial services

Clinical Scenario with Structured Questions Essay

Clinical Scenario with Structured Questions - Essay Example A nurse’s aid who is also a second year nursing student at university saw the client , took his blood pressure which was found to be elevated at 185/112. His heart rate was rapid at 113 beats per minute. The clinical picture indicated that the man was most probably having a heart attack. The student / nurse called an ambulance. As per unit protocol an accident/incident form was filled. Chest pain is a common occurrence with older patients. In the Emergency Department, chest pain needs to be isolated as cardiac or non-cardiac in origin. Physical assessment and proper history taking is very important in identifying the type of chest pain the patient is experiencing. This will also help the health care provider prioritize the plan of care. Proper assessment and history taking through detailed interview could have helped greatly in avoiding errors and reducing incidence reporting. This also indicates that the quality of care is improving. Pain is a very subjective matter. McCaffre y defined pain as whatever the person experiencing pain says it is, existing whenever the person communicates or demonstrates it does (McCaffrey, 1986). Chest pain is one of the most common complaints in emergency departments of hospitals and acute care centers, so common that immediate evaluation and correct diagnosis is very important in the patient’s survival. The situation describes a 44 year old Anglo-Saxon male client presenting with crushing chest pain. History shows long term use of alcohol, obesity, diabetic with insulin infusion, diaphoresis and shortness of breath. The Registered Nurse who first assessed the patient missed critical information such as taking the vital signs of the patient. Vital signs, particularly blood pressure is very important in the assessment of pain. Increased blood pressure usually indicates severe pain (Cox). High blood pressure and tachycardia are symptoms of a heart attack. These symptoms plus the crushing chest pain, diaphoresis and s hortness of breath are warning signs of heart attack and is should be considered a medical emergency. Clinical Governance Clinical governance is a term used by the National Health Service to describe a systematic approach in maintaining high standards of care and aims to continually improve the quality of services delivered in the clinical practice environment. Clinical governance is defined as a framework which helps all clinicians – including nurses – to continuously improve quality and safeguard standards of care (Royal College of Nursing). The role of clinical governance in this situation is to correct any mistakes that the drug and alcohol detoxification unit failed to detect. The purpose of clinical governance is to maintain and improve standards of patient care. In this scenario, it will improve the inadequate partenership between and among health care professionals dealing with the patient. It will also improve delivery of health care in other elements of clini cal governance such as education and training, clinical audit, clinical effectiveness, research and development, openness and risk management. In education and training, the staff of the unit are equipped for drug and alcohol detoxification but they also need to continually update themselves with regards to medical cases in order for them to promptly idnetify life threatening symptoms such as mentioned in

A Taste of Honey Essay Example for Free

A Taste of Honey Essay A Taste of Honey is a kitchen sink drama, set in the late 1950s. It follows the volatile relationship of a mother and daughter, and the problems that they have to overcome. A Taste of Honey presents the harsh reality of what life was like for the working classes. The play explores a variety of controversial issues, which especially in the 1950s, only happened behind closed doors, and would have raised serious questions in society. In A Taste of Honey Helen is portrayed as a bad mother, she cares more about drink and men than her own child and there are several preferences to Helens alcoholism throughout the play. In a strict and traditional society, it would have been almost unforgivable for a teenage girl to have a child and raise it on her own as Jo ends up doing and Helen did before her. Racism also plays a factor in the play as the father of Jos unborn child was black and people felt very strongly about this sort of thing at this time, including Jos mother. A Taste of Honey shows an insight to the problems and strains that can be brought on by the above issues and those that the working class suffered. In the opening scene of A Taste of Honey you are introduced to Jo and Helens new flat. It is a run down, dingy, old place and is all that Helen can afford. The optimism that Helen carries is shown right away as when Helen first walks in she is optimistic about the situation by saying, Well! This is the place. Which shows she has quite an easy-going approach to life as long as she has the necessities in life. Jo then replies with, I dont like it, which straight away shows the conflict between the pair and how different their personalities are from one another. You can clearly see form the dialogue between the pair that Helen has never taken care of Jo properly, Jo: I dont owe you a thing, and Helen: Do you want me to carry you about? which is basically saying look after yourself. At this point Helen is already drinking and Jo says, You make me sick, in reference to her drinking, which shows that, she disapproves and that it sickens her. It also makes you ask the question, why does Helen drink? Jo also addresses her mum as Helen, this shows us that there is nothing maternal between the two and Jo obviously doesnt see her as a motherly figure. They also both talk to the audience in third person about one another saying things such as, Helen: Wouldnt she get on your nerves and Jo: Shed lose her head if it was loose, you cannot see an inch of respect between them and although some people dont always have a very good mother and daughter relationship there isnt a trace of any bonding or caring between them. However you do see Helen show a genuine interest in Jo when she sees how good her art work is, although as she stumbles upon it by mistake it shows the distance they have from one another as Jo has never shown her the work before and Jo is quite taken aback by the interest from her mother and says, Why are you so suddenly interested in me anyway? which reflects the lack of support that Jo has received. Though language, humor and sarcasm used between them you can see the lack of respect and their clear differences such as Helen being a lot more optimistic and wild to Jos more realistic and practical approach to life. You can see Helens wild side through her drinking problem, references to men, Handsome, long-legged creature just the way I like em, her outbursts of singing and the basic fact that she was obviously out doing her own thing when she should have been taking care of her daughter and not kicking her out of bed when she had male company! Also when Helen finds out that her daughter stole the bulbs she is happy and approves, this shows Helens true colours and how she goes about life; she doesnt mind taking things that arent hers as long as she gets what she wants. Helens life runs along the same lines as you only live once, as she lets nothing set her back and she also makes regular comments about death and doesnt look upon it as a big thing really. This contrasts to Jos comment in Act 2, scene 2 where she says, We dont ask for life, we have it thrust upon us. I think that Jos out look on life is that it is hard and unfair; she has always had to fight for her self as Helen has never been there for her, and so she doesnt expect the good things to happen in her life. Jo and Helens relationship about men in Act 1, scene 1 is also very strange, as Helen has clearly had many men in her life as when Peter is introduced Jo says in a very matter of fact way, Whats this one called? Jo doesnt seem to think of men as a necessary object in life and seems to think of men in a more romantic way than Helen and mentions love as well. However in Act 2, scene 2 she has Geoff and although she isnt linked to him in a romantic way at all she still likes the stability of a man looking after her in her life and would rather have a man than a woman present at the birth of her child. In Act 2, scene 2 where the birth of Jos child is looming, Helen isnt there but comes back before she has it and she shows a different approach towards Jo. Although she shows her true side by being nasty to Geof for no reason when she owes it to him to be nice as he has been taking care of her daughter, she does show genuine concern for Jo, How are you, love? and makes enquires about the birth and her pregnancy. She has also made an effort to buy things for the baby and seems to be a lot more motherly towards Jo now. This time round it is Helen making the effort to make the place look nice, and Jo doesnt seem to care about her living arrangements which is a mirror to the attitude of Helen in Act 1, scene 1. Helens effort that she puts into her relationship with Jo is much more motherly and dong things such as, stroking her hair, caring for her, also by saying things such as, well get morbid, this is showing a different side to Helen as in Act 1, scene 1, she is very open about death and talks about it on a regular basis. This is also ironic as she is usually the one that is being morbid, not Jo. Also by talking about the children outside shows a total change in character and you see the nice side of Helen. Whereas Jo seems to have turned more like her mum, by not really caring and expecting others to do things for her, such as Geof; although Jo is never nasty towards him. Although Jo and Helen dont get on with one another in Act 1, scene 1 and Act 2, scene 2 you can see the differences between them. In Act1, scene 1, Helen is very distant from Jo, which Delaney shows through the dialogue and language used between them. She also shows this through the use of talking in the third person, wouldnt she get on your nerves? However in Act 2, scene 2 she seems to be trying to come closer to her daughter, by taking an interest in her and just genuinely being more caring. You also see a change in character with Jo, who in Act 1, scene 1 Delaney portrays her as the parent, with her doing things such as cleaning, but by Act 2, scene 2 when she is about to become a mother herself she is more childlike, this can be shown through the stage directions of Jo throwing the pretend doll that Geof gets her because its the wrong colour. She acts like a spoilt child who comes across as ungrateful and shows no maturity in her at all. I think that in Act 2, scene 2 their relationship has progressed form Act 1, scene 1 as Helen is more of a mother figure towards Jo. However I dont think that they will have a good relationship, as Helen isnt very supporting when she finds out about the colour of the baby. When she is asked what shell do she replies, drown it, and she goes back to her old ways of drinking. This also suggests that she drinks to drown her sorrows. Also she leaves Jo on her own at a time that she needs her and there is some uncertainty about whether or not she is coming back. This sums up their relationship as one that is rocky and that there is no stability at all.

Abbey Road Essays -- essays research papers

â€Å"Abbey Road† By The Beatles Abbey Road is heralded as one of the greatest rock ‘n roll albums ever. It grinds with hard rock and sways with soft guitar. The variety of the tracks provides something for everyone. It was created in 1969 at the famous Abbey Road studios. George Martin and Geoff Emerick, who had produced many other Beatles’ albums, contributed to this work. This album is one of the more famous albums of the Beatles, who are one of the most popular bands ever. Almost every piece of this album, even the cover, is art works in themselves. The album begins with the hard-rocker â€Å"Come Together†. The song is a perfect example of John Lennon’s rock influence in the Beatles. â€Å"Come Together† is a song that’s popularity has been revived due to its appearances in many commercials. Its trademark chorus, â€Å"Come together right now over me†, is known just about everywhere. Ringo’s heavy drums and John’s deep poetic lyrics drive the song, while Paul’s voice and George’s sharp guitar contribute to the body of this song. John Lennon was well known for his creative lyrics. His mind provided lyrics for such insightful songs such as â€Å"Across the Universe† and â€Å"A Day in the Life†. The third track is â€Å"Maxwell’s Silver Hammer†. This song is a humorous tune about a boy who enjoys attacking people with a silver hammer. It is a playful piano jingle that reflects on Paul’s influence on the album. Paul McCartney’s songs usually presented the lighter, more friendly side of the Beatles. Pau...

Evaluation to organisational learning practices

Organisation make decisions which are routine, daily in nature, operational or strategic in nature; which has to do with the corporate or organisational plan on how to operate and carry out its function in order to effectively and efficiently attain its objectives and goals. These decisions sometimes result in consequences that are not favourable to the organisation. Sometimes the organisation stands to pay dearly for embarking on the wrong decision, or making a nice decision at the wrong time.Thus, organisational learning is a way out and a field, which contemporary organisations have adopted in learning to detect and make corrections to erroneous decisions in the operational strategy of the organisation. The context and content of the organisation’s operations are studied; the vicissitude associated with it is taking into cognisance. And how this affects the organisational managerial functions of Planning, Organising, Staffing, co-ordinating, Reporting and Budgeting, is also studied so as to bring about effective and efficient decision making in the organisation.What role does evaluation play in the organisational learning practices? Since evaluation is a useful tool in the hands of managers of administration, it is seen that evaluation approaches set good record at providing accurate, valid and appropriate information in individual and the organisational successful decision making. Thus, the kernel of this write up is to peruse and critically analyse the contribution of evaluation to organisational learning practices. CONCEPTUALISATION OF TERMS What Is Organisational Learning?A prominent scholar that has contributed immensely in the field of organisational learning is Prof. Chris Argyris. He has to his credit several books on organisational learning. And also the works of Don Schon is highly recognised. Learning accordion to Argyris and Schon (1978:2), involves the detection and correction of error. Organisational learning concerns on how organisation s learn to be positioned effectively in detecting and making correction to unfavourable decision and organisational strategy.The rapid changing environment that most organisations assume had made the acquisition of new knowledge difficult and problematic. â€Å"Even if change is endemic this is questionable. As well as being proactive or simply passive, organisations may also be victims of excessive change† (Mande, 2005). As a way of carrying out organisational learning, Argyris and Schon (1974), came up with the Single-Loop Learning and Double-Loop Learning. In Single-Loop learning, given or chosen goals, values, plans and rules are operationalised rather than questioned.According to smith (2001), single-loop learning seems to be present when goals, values, frameworks and to a significant, extent strategies are taken for granted. In single-loop learning the underlying programme is not questioned; the overwhelming amount of learning done in an organisation is single-loop lear ning, since it is designed to identify and correct errors so that the job gets done and the action remains within stated policy, guidelines. (Argyris, 1993). Single-loop learning is described as a thermostat that learns when it is hot or too cold and turns the heat on or off.This is performed with the information received by the thermostat regarding the room temperature and take corrective measures. The Double-loop learning gives question to governing variables themselves, to subject them to critical scrutiny. Such learning may them lead to an alteration in the governing variables and, thus, a shift in the way in which strategies and consequences are framed. (Argyris and Schon, 1974). To Usher and Bryant (1989:87), â€Å"Double-loop learning involves questioning the role of framing and learning systems which underlie actual goals and strategies.Argyris (1974; 1982; 1990) argues that double –loop learning is necessary if practitioners and organisations are to make informed de cisions in rapidly changing and often uncertain contexts Edmondson and Moingeon (1990:160) puts it that; The underlying theory, supported by years of empirical research, is that the reasoning processes employed by individuals in organisations inhibit the exchange of relevant information in ways that make double-loop learning difficult and all but impossible in situations in which much is at stake. This create a dilemma as these are the very organisational situations in which double-loop learning is most needed.The diagram below illustrate and represent the process of organisational single and double-loop learning. Source: Mark K. smith 2001, Chris Argyris: Theories of action, double – loop learning and organisational learning. The diagram illustrates that consequences from the organisational decisions and strategies that are unfavourable under the single-loop learning, these are modified in line with organisation’s actions and strategy, but under the double-loop learni ng there is an over all change and revert to other governing variables that seem better and operationalisable in effective attainment of the organisational goal.What Is Evaluation ? In the process of making decisions about organisation practices and strategies many alternatives are forgone for a chosen one. And it become necessary to assess the chosen option so as to know if really it meets its target or in other words, if the choice for choosing it is not a wrong choice. In this same vain, Fadeyi (1999:74), has it that â€Å"Once appropriate alternatives have been isolated, the next step in decision making is to evaluate them and select the one that will best contribute to the goal.This is the point of ultimate decision making†. Evaluation, according to Williams (2005), is a field that accurately, validly, and rigorously explores the values or worth of human activities. The term is most commonly applied to the assessment of publicly funded social programs, but can cover just about any to include many elements which make it useful in decision making. However, to Oksanen (2005), â€Å"evaluation is not a magic cure for all situations; rather, the launch of an evaluation has to be well-planned and it must be based on clear goals.Evaluation is an assessment of set plan, decision or strategy of an organisation or individual, or a group etc, to see if they are able to effectively meet the target, objectives or goals to which they are drawn to meet. Thus, evaluation enables any organisation to know whether to modify and existing organisation an existing organisation plan or strategy, or to put it aside and choice another alternative, or better still to keep on adopting the same strategy and plan if there is no variance between its expected result and actual result.Though, sometimes evaluation has not successfully bring together individual and organisational decision making. As Williams (2005) puts it â€Å"Established evaluation approaches have a good recor d at providing accurate, valid and appropriate insights, but have had mixed success in getting these incorporated into individual and organisation decision making†. Nevertheless evaluation has been an effective tool in better decision making in organisation. METHODS OF EVALUATION According to Williams (2005), the methods of evaluation have been drawn from the applied social sciences.Interview, survey and small group processes have been the dominant data collection tool, written reports and oral presentation have been the dominant reporting tools. The inherent assumption that underpins most evaluates data leads to reliable information; and reliable information influences appropriate organisational and individual behaviour. In the view of Fadeyi (1999:74), two major methods of evaluation are; 1. Marginal Analysis: This is an evaluation system whereby the additional revenue and the additional costs are compared.This can be used where the objective is profit maximisation, which ma y require optimum use of machines that can be achieved when additional input equal output. 2. Cost Effectiveness Analysis: Cost effectiveness, in its simplest form, is a technique for choosing from among alternatives, by identify a preferred choice when objectives are far less specific than those expressed by such clear quantities as analysis does is to force the decision maker to see various alternatives, by identifying a preferred choice when objectives are far less specific than those expressed by such clear quantities as sales, costs or profits.All cost effectiveness analysis does is to force the decisions makers to see various alternative in light of their effectiveness versus their costs. CONTRIBUTION OF EVALUATION TO ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING PRACTICES. Evaluation, as discussed earlier, is an effective tool for decision making and choosing the right and feasible options among given alternative choices. Through it an organisation is able to receive an operating strategy for the organisation that would make it attain its objectives and goals, not only effectively, but also efficiently.Thus, evaluation plays a significant and key role in an organisational learning practice. Evaluation ahs a prominent role in the extensive organisations such as ministries and research institutes, evaluation practices has enhanced the capability of this organisation to make extensive reforms. Thus, institutional evaluation become more potent than research and development programme which is indirect and takes place within a longer time span â€Å"institutional evaluation, on the other hand is easier to detect compared to the potential effects that an R & D programme evaluation can have on the evaluated activity† (Oksanen 2005).Another contribution of evaluation to organisational learning practice is that it makes an organisation to be in a position to choose and make decision on the corrective measure to adopt on policy plans and organisation strategy that its consequenc es are not effective enough to meet the set goals and objectives. Hence, an organisation would be in a better position, after conducting its evaluation, whether to adopt the single-loop or double-loop learning method.â€Å"Evaluation information is seen to be closely intertwined with other relevant sources at the decision makers disposal†. (ibid. ) Here, evaluation makes the task of choosing he mode for organisational learning easy; since assessment would have being made to see what the organisation ahs done, and what it is suppose to do. This will place them in a better position to make better decision in this regard. Evaluation stands as a management tool that plays several functions in the organisation management and learning practices.According to Oksanen (2005), â€Å"a recurring view associated evaluation with cost awareness both at the level of an individual research organisation. Programme, and at the level of the national R & D. system as a whole† As a managem ent tool evaluation is not only seen as a tool of ensuring the accountability and relevance of development activity in an organisation, but also as a procedure closely linked with internal development and learning. Hence, evaluation is a tool to conscientise and makes organisation staff to reflect on what they do and the role they play in the organisation.As Oksanen (2005), put it, â€Å"evaluation process offered the staff an opportunity to pause for a moment and to reconsider what they are doing, why they are doing it, and how they are doing it†. This way evaluation brings out the week points of stays and through the organisation learning practice corrective measures are taken to strengthen and armed these lapses in the organisation. Closely related to the above point is that evaluation makes an organisation know its strengths and weaknesses. Thus giving it the opportunity to correct and strengthen its weaknesses.Illustrating this with ALNAP, annual review in 2001, with the aid of its evaluation reports, the report has it that, â€Å"it would appear that in some areas at least, co-ordination being a case in point, this year’s results are better †¦ this year’s sample provides a more positive picture than last year’s†¦ the ability of the ALNAP Annual Review series to highlight recurring problem areas within the Humanitarian Sector represents in itself a positive contribution†. (ALNAP Annual Review, 2003). Evaluation has helped the ALNAP organisation to know: ? Which organisations, and co-ordination bodies that are best placed to tackle the recurring problems.? If they consciously own the problem, i. e. are the issues being actively considered by key bodies within the sector. ? What progress is being made each year in the effort to tackle such problems (Ibid. ) Evaluation as a management tool, also stands to trigger a desired self-steering process in the organisation. Here, the organisation is made to be focus on tho se objectives and long term goals it seeks to achieve. And through evaluation in the organisation learning practices, the organisation is spurred and triggered towards the attainment of these targets and any observed variance is adequately taken care of.Also, evaluation helps to clarify the mutual expectations of partners and other interested parties. Outside the institution can turn out to be a learning process for a wider institutional environment, including agencies higher in the hierarchy, such as ministries and other partners† (Oksanen, 2005). Illustrating this, an evaluation of a research institute has offered the ministry concerned an opportunity to review the institute more thoroughly; its functioning, its position within the administrative field, and its role in the development of the sector in question.In addition, some interviewees at the ministry level felt that institutional evaluations have succeeded in pointing out weaknesses, which would demand internal changes even within ministries. (Ibid. ) In the view of Williams (2005) evaluation is germane in the arriving at a common ground for the diverging groups in an organisation. Evaluation approaches generally seek to get to the core issues, and as a result often explore ‘undiscussibles’ and raises issues that expose deep division within the community it is investigating. Evaluation stands as a tool for persuasion in the organisational learning practices.Here, evaluation offers general support of assurance in decision-making situation. Among decision – makers’ evaluation gives them a valued support in their decision-making. â€Å"Evaluation is seen as an important external ‘second opinion’, in relation to which decision-makers can reflect their own ideas. This ‘second opinion gives management the opportunity to assure itself that planned actions and strategic choices are also reasonable from an external point of view. â€Å"(Ibid. ). Evaluation i s valuable for justifying and convincing others about the necessity of proposed decisions.Within the organisation evaluation provides support tot he decision – makers in relation tot he staff. Here, the decision maker can not stand alone, but point out someone from the outside who has objectively assessed the situation and has arrived at a conclusion that such decision are inevitable to put aside. Evaluation also contributes to an organisational learning practice by positioning the organisation to have the willingness to improve on its observed results. When evaluation is carried out, if the result that the organisation gets is unfavourable, it tends to strive to improve upon this, so as to obtain a better result next time.To Udell and Baker (1977), cited in Sexton, et al (1989), advantages of innovative evaluation to inventors, when their innovation and ideas are subject to it, includes; 1. A general idea of a commercial viability of their new product idea. 2. Input concerni ng potential problems likely to be encountered during the innovation process. 3. Unbiased opinions from individuals who have the expertise to evaluate a new product ideas or invention. 4. Pertinent information that will be useful in presenting the concept to others 5. Direction regarding additional information needed for a more thorough evaluation of the product.6. Opportunity, based on the information provided, to make a more informed decision about whether to drop or proceed with the product. 7. Information that may help attracts investors. It is seen that these highlighted advantages of evaluation to innovative ideas are similar to those that an organisation derives when evaluation are linked up with the organisation learning practices. HINDRANCES TO ORGANISATION’S EVALUATION A major hindrance to effective evaluation is when the objectives and goals of an organisation are not clearly stated and straightforward and explicit.It makes the evaluation of such goals and objectiv e very difficult. This tends to hamper the results of the evaluation process. As the ALNAP annual review (2003) has it â€Å"The potential contribution of evaluation genres to learning is often hampered by a lack of clarity as to the purpose, the under-use of approaches and techniques likely to increase learning at the individual and team level and the under use of evaluation materials and case studies in training. According to Oksanen (2005), the most often mentioned weak points to evaluation includes:1. Lack of time for evaluations which may lead to inaccuracies and superficiality in results; 2. Evaluators’ competencies and in particular, their insufficient knowledge of local circumstances. CONCLUSION From the write-up it is seen that evaluation plays a significant role in organisational learning practices, through evaluation the learning practice is made feasible and effective. This make the decisional aspect of the organisational practice to be generally supported and ac cepted in the attainment of set goals and objectives for the organisation.Through evaluation, the organisation strengths and weaknesses are observed and corrective measures are better put in place to correct these weaknesses BIBLIOGRAPHY ALNAP Annual Review (2003), –Chapter Five. (www. alnap. org/AR2002/chapter5a. htm) (19th August2005) Argyris, Chris (1982) Reasoning Learning and Action: Individual and Organisational, San Franciso: Jossey-Bass Argyris Chris (1990), Overcoming Organisational Defences, Facilitating Organisation Learning; Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Argyris, Chris (1993, Knowledge for Action a Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Organisational Change.San Francisco: Jossey Bass Argyris C. and Schon D. (1974), Theory in Practice Increasing Professional Effectiveness San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Argyris C. and Schon D. (1978), Organisational Learning: A theory of Action Perspective, Reading Mass: Addison Wesley Edmondson, A and Moingeon, B (1999) â€Å"Learning, Trust an d Organisational Change† in M. Easterby-Smith, L. Aranjo and J. Burgoyne (eds. ) Organisational Learning and the Learning Organisation, London: Sage Fadeyi, R. 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Williams Bob (2005), â€Å"The contribution of Evaluation to Program and Orgnaisational Development- The use of’ Whole System’ Groups Processes†. (http://users. actrix. co. nz/bobwill/elg. doc) (19th August, 2005.